Sosyal medyanın endüstriyel pazarlarda kullanımı: Türkiye'deki teknopark firmaları üzerine bir inceleme
Yayınlanmış 25.12.2023
Anahtar Kelimeler
- Sosyal Medya Pazarlaması, B2B, Teknopark
- Social Media Marketing, B2B, Techno Park
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
Telif Hakkı (c) 2023 Duygu Aydın Ünal
Bu çalışma Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License ile lisanslanmıştır.
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
Öz
Bu çalışmada performans endeksine göre Türkiye’nin ilk 3 ssırada yer alan teknoparkı altında faaliyet gösteren firmaların sosyal medya pazarlamasını ne düzeyde kullandıkları, hangi mecralardan faydalandıkları ve hangilerinde daha aktif oldukları araştırılmış ve teknoloji yoğun endüstriyel pazarlardaki firmalar için bir profil çıkarılmıştır. Web sitesine ulaşılan 1121 firmanın %55’inin sitelerinde sosyal medya hesaplarına yönlendirme ekledikleri görülmüştür. Sosyal medya hesaplarına erişilen 615 firma içinde 102 tanesinin Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, Youtube ve X hesaplarının her birinin bulunduğu görülmüştür. Firmaların kullandıkları sosyal medya hesaplarında ne derece aktif oldukları incelendiğinde ise Instagram kullanların %83,3, X kullananların %82,3 ve YouTube kullananların ise %54,7 oranıında yüksek derecede aktif oldukları gözlenmiştir. Öte yandan en son bir yıl önce ilgili sosyal medya hesaplarından paylaşım yapan firmaların oranlarının da azımsanmayacak kadar çok olduğu bulunmuştur (YouTube kullananların %33,3’ü, Facebook kullananların %35,9’u, X kullananların %33,7’si). Bu araştırma, işletmeden işletmeye faaliyet gösteren firmaların, sosyal medya pazarlamasına dâhil olma düzeyleri ve kullandıkları mecralara dair yapılan analizler sonucunda, hem akademik çevreler için hem de uygulamacılar için önemli bakış açıları sunmaktadır.
Referanslar
- Aichner, Thomas, and Frank Jacob. 2015. ‘Measuring the Degree of Corporate Social Media Use’. International Journal of Market Research 57(2):257–76. doi: 10.2501/IJMR-2015-018.
- Ananda, Artha Sejati, Ángel Hernández-García, and Lucio Lamberti. 2016. ‘N-REL: A Comprehensive Framework of Social Media Marketing Strategic Actions for Marketing Organizations’. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge 1(3):170–80. doi: 10.1016/j.jik.2016.01.003.
- Andersson, Svante, and Niclas Wikström. 2017. ‘Why and How Are Social Media Used in a B2B Context, and Which Stakeholders Are Involved?’ Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 32(8):1098–1108. doi: 10.1108/JBIM-07-2016-0148.
- Anon. 2023. ‘LinkedIn’. Retrieved (https://about.linkedin.com/). Access date: 5.10.2023
- Appel, Gil, Lauren Grewal, Rhonda Hadi, and Andrew T. Stephen. 2020. ‘The Future of Social Media in Marketing’. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 48(1):79–95. doi: 10.1007/s11747-019-00695-1.
- Arora, Anuja, Shivam Bansal, Chandrashekhar Kandpal, Reema Aswani, and Yogesh Dwivedi. 2019. ‘Measuring Social Media Influencer Index- Insights from Facebook, Twitter and Instagram’. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 49:86–101. doi: 10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.03.012.
- Aswani, Reema, S. P. Ghrera, Arpan Kumar Kar, and Satish Chandra. 2017. ‘Identifying Buzz in Social Media: A Hybrid Approach Using Artificial Bee Colony and k-Nearest Neighbors for Outlier Detection’. Social Network Analysis and Mining 7(1):38. doi: 10.1007/s13278-017-0461-2.
- Autio, Erkko, and Magnus Klofsten. 1998. ‘A Comparative Study of Two European Business Incubators’.
- Aydoğan, Hediye. 2021. ‘Dialogic Communication During Covid-19 Pandemic: An Analysis on Technoparks’ Social Media Usage in Turkey’. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences 0(60):1–26. doi: 10.26650/CONNECTIST2021-000126.
- Babu, Srishti, Hareendrakumar Vr, and Suresh Subramoniam. 2020. ‘Impact of Social Media on Work Performance at a Technopark in India’. Metamorphosis: A Journal of Management Research 19(1):59–71. doi: 10.1177/0972622520962949.
- Beard, Charles, and Chris Easingwood. 1992. ‘Sources of Competitive Advantage in the Marketing of Tehcnology-Intensive Products and Processes’. European Journal of Marketing 26(12):5–18.
- Bellavista, Joan, and Luis Sanz. 2009. ‘Science and Technology Parks: Habitats of Innovation: Introduction to Special Section’. Science and Public Policy 36(7):499–510. doi: 10.3152/030234209X465543.
- Bonsón, Enrique, and Michaela Bednárová. 2013. ‘Corporate LinkedIn Practices of Eurozone Companies’. Online Information Review 37(6):969–84. doi: 10.1108/OIR-09-2012-0159.
- Brennan, Ross, and Robin Croft. 2012. ‘The Use of Social Media in B2B Marketing and Branding: An Exploratory Study’. Journal of Customer Behaviour 11(2):101–15. doi: 10.1362/147539212X13420906144552.
- Cartwright, Severina, Hongfei Liu, and Chris Raddats. 2021. ‘Strategic Use of Social Media within Business-to-Business (B2B) Marketing: A Systematic Literature Review’. Industrial Marketing Management 97:35–58. doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2021.06.005.
- Chen, Yuehan, Atichart Harncharnchai, and Teeraporn Saeheaw. 2021. ‘Current and Future Direction of Social Media Marketing in SMEs: A Systematic Literature Review’. Pp. 144–49 in 2021 IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering (ICEBE). Guangzhou, China: IEEE.
- Chirumalla, Koteshwar, Pejvak Oghazi, and Vinit Parida. 2018. ‘Social Media Engagement Strategy: Investigation of Marketing and R&D Interfaces in Manufacturing Industry’. Industrial Marketing Management 74:138–49. doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2017.10.001.
- Choi, Tsan-Ming, Hing Kai Chan, and Xiaohang Yue. 2017. ‘Recent Development in Big Data Analytics for Business Operations and Risk Management’. IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics 47(1):81–92. doi: 10.1109/TCYB.2015.2507599.
- Choi, Youngtae, and Andrew Thoeni. 2016. ‘Social Media: Is This the New Organizational Stepchild?’ European Business Review 28(1):21–38. doi: 10.1108/EBR-05-2015-0048.
- Daniel Ruby. 2023. ‘Instagram Monthly Active Users’. 78 Instagram Statistics Of 2023 (Users & Trends). Retrieved (https://www.demandsage.com/instagram-statistics/#:~:text=There%20are%20currently%20over%202.35,users%20access%20Instagram%20every%20month.).
- De Ruyter, Ko, Luci Moorman, and Jos Lemmink. 2001. ‘Antecedents of Commitment and Trust in Customer–Supplier Relationships in High Technology Markets’. Industrial Marketing Management 30(3):271–86. doi: 10.1016/S0019-8501(99)00091-7.
- Durkin, Mark. 2013. ‘Tweet Me Cruel: Perspectives on Battling Digital Marketing Myopia1’. The Marketing Review 13(1):51–63. doi: 10.1362/146934713X13590250137781.
- Dwivedi, Yogesh K., Kawaljeet Kaur Kapoor, and Hsin Chen. 2015. ‘Social Media Marketing and Advertising’. The Marketing Review 15(3):289–309. doi: 10.1362/146934715X14441363377999.
- Fatanti, Megasari Noer, and I. Wayan Suyadnya. 2015. ‘Beyond User Gaze: How Instagram Creates Tourism Destination Brand?’ Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 211:1089–95. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.145.
- Gezginci, Gamze, and Taylan Maral. 2019. ‘Bir Pazarlama Aracı Olarak Sosyal Medya: “İstanbul Teknokent” Örneği’. Turan-Sam Uluslararası Bilimsel Hakemli Dergisi 11(41).
- Habibi, Fatemeh, Caroline Anne Hamilton, Michael John Valos, and Michael Callaghan. 2015. ‘E-Marketing Orientation and Social Media Implementation in B2B Marketing’. European Business Review 27(6):638–55. doi: 10.1108/EBR-03-2015-0026.
- Hansson, Finn, Kenneth Husted, and Jakob Vestergaard. 2005. ‘Second Generation Science Parks: From Structural Holes Jockeys to Social Capital Catalysts of the Knowledge Society’. Technovation 25(9):1039–49. doi: 10.1016/j.technovation.2004.03.003.
- Holland, Christopher P., and Pete Naudé. 2004. ‘The Metamorphosis of Marketing into an Information‐handling Problem’. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 19(3):167–77. doi: 10.1108/08858620410531306.
- Horsh, William L. 2023. YouTube. Retrieved (https://www.britannica.com/topic/YouTube).
- IASP. 2023. ‘IASP - International Association of Science Parks and Areas of Innovation’. Retrieved (https://www.iasp.ws/our-industry/definitions).
- Jansen, Bernard J., Mimi Zhang, Kate Sobel, and Abdur Chowdury. 2009. ‘Twitter Power: Tweets as Electronic Word of Mouth’. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 60(11):2169–88. doi: 10.1002/asi.21149.
- Jara, Antonio J., María Concepción Parra, and Antonio F. Skarmeta. 2014. ‘Participative Marketing: Extending Social Media Marketing through the Identification and Interaction Capabilities from the Internet of Things’. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 18(4):997–1011. doi: 10.1007/s00779-013-0714-7.
- Jones, Alexis Renee, and Seung-Eun (Joy) Lee. 2022. ‘Factors Influencing Engagement in Fashion Brands’ Instagram Posts’. Fashion Practice 14(1):99–123. doi: 10.1080/17569370.2021.1938820.
- Kaplan, Andreas M., and Michael Haenlein. 2009. ‘The Fairyland of Second Life: Virtual Social Worlds and How to Use Them’. Business Horizons 52(6):563–72. doi: 10.1016/j.bushor.2009.07.002.
- Kaplan, Andreas M., and Michael Haenlein. 2010. ‘Users of the World, Unite! The Challenges and Opportunities of Social Media’. Business Horizons 53(1):59–68. doi: 10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003.
- Kietzmann, Jan H., Kristopher Hermkens, Ian P. McCarthy, and Bruno S. Silvestre. 2011. ‘Social Media? Get Serious! Understanding the Functional Building Blocks of Social Media’. Business Horizons 54(3):241–51. doi: 10.1016/j.bushor.2011.01.005.
- Leung, Daniel, Rob Law, Hubert Van Hoof, and Dimitrios Buhalis. 2013. ‘Social Media in Tourism and Hospitality: A Literature Review’. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 30(1–2):3–22. doi: 10.1080/10548408.2013.750919.
- Leung, Xi Yu, and Seyhmus Baloglu. 2015. ‘Hotel Facebook Marketing: An Integrated Model’ edited by D. John Bowen, Dr Seyhmus Baloglu. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 7(3):266–82. doi: 10.1108/WHATT-03-2015-0011.
- Macnamara, Jim. 2013. ‘Beyond Voice: Audience-Making and the Work and Architecture of Listening as New Media Literacies’. Continuum 27(1):160–75. doi: 10.1080/10304312.2013.736950.
- Mangold, W. Glynn, and David J. Faulds. 2009. ‘Social Media: The New Hybrid Element of the Promotion Mix’. Business Horizons 52(4):357–65. doi: 10.1016/j.bushor.2009.03.002.
- Martins, José, Ramiro Gonçalves, Tiago Oliveira, Manuel Cota, and Frederico Branco. 2016. ‘Understanding the Determinants of Social Network Sites Adoption at Firm Level: A Mixed Methodology Approach’. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 18:10–26. doi: 10.1016/j.elerap.2016.05.002.
- Mehmet, Mehmet I., and Rodney J. Clarke. 2016. ‘B2B Social Media Semantics: Analysing Multimodal Online Meanings in Marketing Conversations’. Industrial Marketing Management 54:92–106. doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.12.006.
- Montoro‐Sánchez, Angeles, Marta Ortiz‐de‐Urbina‐Criado, and Eva M. Mora‐Valentín. 2011. ‘Effects of Knowledge Spillovers on Innovation and Collaboration in Science and Technology Parks’ edited by G. Martín‐de Castro. Journal of Knowledge Management 15(6):948–70. doi: 10.1108/13673271111179307.
- Mora Cortez, Roberto, Wesley J. Johnston, and Ayan Ghosh Dastidar. 2023. ‘Managing the Content of LinkedIn Posts: Influence on B2B Customer Engagement and Sales?’ Journal of Business Research 155:113388. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113388.
- Mussi, Clarissa, Maria Terezinha Angeloni, and Rafael Avila Faraco. 2014. ‘Social Networks and Knowledge Transfer in Technological Park Companies in Brazil’. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation 9(2):172–86. doi: 10.4067/S0718-27242014000200013.
- Nahm, Kee-Bom. 2000. ‘The Evolution of Science Parks and Metropolitan Development’. International Journal of Urban Sciences 4(1):81–95. doi: 10.1080/12265934.2000.9693465.
- Okazaki, Shintaro, and Charles R. Taylor. 2013. ‘Social Media and International Advertising: Theoretical Challenges and Future Directions’ edited by J. Whitelock. International Marketing Review 30(1):56–71. doi: 10.1108/02651331311298573.
- Pandey, Neeraj, Preeti Nayal, and Abhijeet Singh Rathore. 2020. ‘Digital Marketing for B2B Organizations: Structured Literature Review and Future Research Directions’. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 35(7):1191–1204. doi: 10.1108/JBIM-06-2019-0283.
- Parsons, Amy. 2013. ‘USING SOCIAL MEDIA TO REACH CONSUMERS: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF OFFICIAL FACEBOOK’. Academy of Marketing Studies Journal.
- Peruta, Adam, and Alison B. Shields. 2018. ‘Marketing Your University on Social Media: A Content Analysis of Facebook Post Types and Formats’. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education 28(2):175–91. doi: 10.1080/08841241.2018.1442896.
- Poonjan, Amonpat, and Anne Nygaard Tanner. 2020. ‘The Role of Regional Contextual Factors for Science and Technology Parks: A Conceptual Framework’. European Planning Studies 28(2):400–420. doi: 10.1080/09654313.2019.1679093.
- Saxena, Anant, and Uday Khanna. 2013. ‘Advertising on Social Network Sites: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach’. Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 17(1):17–25. doi: 10.1177/0972262912469560.
- Shen, Bin, and Kimberly Bissell. 2013. ‘Social Media, Social Me: A Content Analysis of Beauty Companies’ Use of Facebook in Marketing and Branding’. Journal of Promotion Management 19(5):629–51. doi: 10.1080/10496491.2013.829160.
- Statista. 2023. ‘Statista’. Retrieved (https://www.statista.com/topics/737/twitter/#:~:text=In%202023%2C%20there%20are%20an,of%20the%20platform's%20user%20base.). Access date: 20.10.23
- Statista(b). 2023. ‘Statista(b)’. Retrieved (https://www.statista.com/statistics/346167/facebook-global-dau/#:~:text=Facebook%3A%20number%20of%20daily%20active%20users%20worldwide%202011%2D2023&text=During%20the%20third%20quarter%20of,increase%20on%20the%20previous%20quarter.). Access date: 20.10.23
- Ubeda, Joan E., Clara Gieure, Carlos de‐la‐Cruz, and Olga Sastre. 2013. ‘Communication in New Technology Based‐firms’. Management Decision 51(3):615–28. doi: 10.1108/00251741311309689.
- Vari̇nli̇, İnci, and Nur Başyazicioğlu. 2016. ‘Facebook’ta Pazarlama Uygulamalarına Yönelik Tüketici Tutumlarının Path Analizi İle İncelenmesi’. 16(1):109–19.
- Vassallo, Amy Jo, Bridget Kelly, Lelin Zhang, Zhiyong Wang, Sarah Young, and Becky Freeman. 2018. ‘Junk Food Marketing on Instagram: Content Analysis’. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 4(2):e54. doi: 10.2196/publichealth.9594.
- Vergeer, Maurice. 2015. ‘Twitter and Political Campaigning’. Sociology Compass 9(9):745–60. doi: 10.1111/soc4.12294.
- Wong, Belle. 2023. ‘Top Social Media Statistics And Trends Of 2023’. Top Social Media Statistics And Trends Of 2023. Retrieved (https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/social-media-statistics/#source).
- Wu, Katrina. n.d. ‘YouTube Marketing: Legality of Sponsorship and Endorsement in Advertising’.
- Zhou, Mi, Zhilei Qiao, Xuan Zhang, Qianzhou Du, Alan Wang, and Weiguo Fan. 2015. ‘Do Facebook Activities Increase Sales?’