Vol. 9 No. 3 (2021): Business & Management Studies: An International Journal
Articles

The relationship between international trade and international tourism: The case of Turkey (1970-2019)

PDF (Turkish)
  • Suna Şahin
Suna Şahin
Assist. Prof. Dr., İstanbul New Century University

Published 2021-09-24

Keywords

  • Uluslararası Ticaret, Küreselleşme, Uluslararası Turizm
  • International Trade, Globalization, International Tourism

How to Cite

The relationship between international trade and international tourism: The case of Turkey (1970-2019). (2021). Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 9(3), 1060-1075. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v9i3.1876

Copyright (c) 2021 Suna Şahin

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

The relationship between international trade and international tourism: The case of Turkey (1970-2019). (2021). Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 9(3), 1060-1075. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v9i3.1876

Abstract

As part of the global development and integration process, international tourism has become one of the influential factors that depend on the economy's growth, the increase in the country's competitiveness in world markets, and the increase in the population's welfare. Furthermore, tourism is an international and multidimensional phenomenon that causes countries to open their borders. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the reflections of tourism on trade. In this context, unit root, causality and cointegration analyzes were conducted for the variables obtained for the period 1970-2019 for Turkey. As a result, according to the analysis results using real GDP, total trade (export and import data), tourism data (tourism revenues and number of incoming tourists), international tourism is the Granger cause of international trade in Turkey in the specified periods. Furthermore, the long-term validity of the results within the scope of the study was tested with the help of Engle-Granger Co-integration analysis, and it was concluded that the obtained relationship was also valid in the long term.

PDF (Turkish)

References

  1. Altıntaş, A., & Şahin, F.K. (2007). Reşit Saffet Atabinen (1884-1965) ve Türk turizmine katkıları, 9-36. http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/18/831/10496.pdf
  2. Aradhyula, S., & Tronstad, R. (2003). Does tourism promote cross-border trade?. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 85 (3), 569-579. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8276.00456
  3. Bahar, O., & Baldemir, E. (2008). Uluslararası ticaret ile uluslararası turizm arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi: Türkiye örneği. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(4), 97-111.
  4. Berno, T., & Bricker, K. (2001). Sustainable tourism development: the long road from theory to practice. International Journal of Economic Development, 3(3), 1-18.
  5. Çelik, K. (2004). Uluslararası İktisat. 1. Baskı, Trabzon: Derya Kitabevi.
  6. Çoban, O. , & Özcan, C. C. (2013). Türkiye’de turizm gelirleri-ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: nedensellik analizi (1963-2010). Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 8(1), 243 – 261.
  7. Dickey, D.A., & Fuller, W.A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statical Association, 74(366), 427-431.
  8. Dritsakis, N., & Athanasiadis, S. (2000). An econometric model of tourist demand: the case of Greece. Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing, 7(2), 39-49.
  9. Fry, D., Saayman, A., & Saayman, M. (2010). The relationship between tourism and trade in South Africa. South African Journal of Economics, 78(3), 287-306.
  10. Granger, C.W.J.(1969). Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods, Econometrica, 37 (3), 424-438.
  11. Gujarati, D. N. (2006). Temel ekonometri. (Çev: Ü. Şenesen ve G.G. Şenesen), İstanbul: Literatür Yayınları.
  12. Hanafiah, M.H., & Zulkifly, M.I. (2019). The evolution of tourism destination competitiveness (TDC) models. IGI Global. 23-48.
  13. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?end=2019&locations=DE&start=1970&view=chart ( 10.05.2021)
  14. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2019&locations=DE&start=2010&view=chart (10.05.2021)
  15. https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr/index.php?/evds/serieMarket/#collapse_28 ( 21.05.2021).
  16. https://www.tursab.org.tr/turkiye-turizm-degerlendirmesi/turizmin-ekonomideki-yeri ( 27.06.2021)
  17. https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/TR-201116/turizm-gelirleri-ve-giderleri.html (25.06.2021).
  18. Jalalpour, S., & Shojaeifar, J. (2014). The tourism industry and the international relations. World Journal of Environmental Biosciences, 6, 68-72.
  19. Kadir, N., & Jusoff, K. (2010). The cointegration and causality tests for tourism and trade in Malaysia. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 2(1), 138-143.
  20. Kanca, O. C. (2015). Turizm gelirleri ve ekonomik büyüme (1980 – 2013). Marmara Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8, 1 – 14.
  21. Katırcıoğlu, S. T. (2009). Tourism, trade and growth: the case of Cyprus. Applied Economics, 41, 2741-2750.
  22. Kulendran, N., & Wilson, K. (2000). Is there a relationship between international trade and international arrivals?. Applied Economics, 32(8), 1001-1009.
  23. Kyrylov, Y., Hranovska, V., Boiko, V., Kwilinski, A., & Boiko, L. (2020). International tourism development in the context of increasing globalization risks: on the example of Ukraine's integration into the global tourism industry. Journal of Risk Financial Management, 13(12), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13120303
  24. Lim, C., & McAleer, M. (2000). A seasonal analysis of Asian tourist arrivals to Australia. Applied Economics, 32(4), 499-509, DOI: 10.1080/000368400322660
  25. Luca, E. (1997). International tourism: a global perspective, ( Eds: Chuck Y. Gee and Eduardo Fayos-Solá), Introduction to global tourism learning objectives. 1. Baskı, Published By The World Tourism Organization, Madrid: Spain, Isbn: 92-844-0231-X.
  26. Majewska , J., & Mińska-Struzik, E. (2012). In search of the relationship between international tourism and trade: evidence from Poland. Poland: Poznan University of Economics, 1-27.
  27. Massidda, C., & Mattana, P. (2013). A SVECM analysis of the relationship between international tourism arrivals, GDP and trade in Italy. Journal of Travel Research, 52(1), 93–105.
  28. Ozcan, C. C.,& Ozcan, G. (2020). Economic and social impact of mass tourism developments in Turkey: A theoretical assessment. Journal of Travel and Tourism Research, (15), 1-26.
  29. Ozcan, C.C.(2016). International trade and tourism for Mediterranean countries: A panel causality analysis. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 1(606), 203-212.
  30. Önen, O. (2000). Türkiye’nin turizm sektöründeki gelişmeler, dünya turizmindeki yeri ve Türkiye Kalkınma Bankası’nın rolü. Ankara: Türkiye Kalkınma Bankası A.Ş.
  31. Özcan, C., & Yorgancılar, F. N. (2016). Uluslararası ticaret ve turizm arasında bir ilişki var mı? . Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14 (1) , 37-48.
  32. Sancar, C., & Polat, M.A. ( 2015). Türkiye’de ekonomik büyüme, enerji tüketimi ve ithalat ilişkisi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Elektronik Dergisi, 6 (12), 416-432.
  33. Seyidoğlu, H. (2007). Uluslararası iktisat teori politika ve uygulamaları. 16. Baskı, İstanbul: Güzem Yayınları.
  34. Shan, J., & Wilson, K. (2001). Causality between trade and tourism: empirical evidence from China. Applied Economic Letters, 8 (4), 279–283. https://doi.org/10.1080/135048501750104114
  35. Şen, A., & Şit, M. (2015). Turizm gelirlerinin Türkiye ekonomisindeki rolü ve önemi. Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 5 (8), 30-45.
  36. T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı (2007). Türkiye turizm stratejisi 2023 eylem planı 2007-2013, Ankara: T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Yayınları. https://www.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/906,ttstratejisi2023pdf.pdf?0.
  37. T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı,Turizm İstatistikleri, (2021). Erişim adresi: https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/TR-9851/turizm-istatistikleri.html
  38. Toker, B. (2007). Türkiye’de turizm sektörü teşviklerinin değerlendirilmesi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 14(2), 81 – 92.
  39. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK), Turizm İstatistikleri, (2021). Erişim adresi: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=Egitim,-Kultur,-Spor-ve-Turizm-105
  40. Uzunöz, M., & Akçay , Y. (2012). Türkiye’de büyüme ve enerji tüketimi arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi: 1970-2010. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3 (2), 1-16.
  41. Wang, K-L.,& Wu, C-S. (2003). Trade-in services in the Asia Pacific Region. (Eds: Takatoshı Ito & Anne O. Krueger) Chapter 12: A Study of Competitiveness of International Tourism in The Southeast Asian Region, University of Chıcago Press, 315-346. ISBN: 0-226-38677-5.

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.