Öz
Bu çalışma, 2002–2021 döneminde 140 ülke için kişi başına CO₂ emisyonlarının gelir gruplarına göre belirleyicilerini incelemektedir. Geleneksel Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi yaklaşımı; kişi başına gelir, gelirin karesi, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi, fosil yakıt tüketimi, enerji yoğunluğu, kentleşme ve hükümet etkinliğini içeren genişletilmiş bir panel modelle ele alınmıştır. Ülkeler Dünya Bankası gelir sınıflandırmasına göre dört gruba ayrılmış ve model tüm örneklem ile gelir grupları için ayrı ayrı tahmin edilmiştir. Tanısal testler sonrasında Driscoll–Kraay standart hatalı sabit etkiler modeli kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, kişi başına gelirin CO₂ emisyonlarıyla tüm örneklemlerde pozitif ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Gelirin karesi yalnızca tüm örneklemde ve yüksek gelir grubunda negatif ve anlamlıdır; ancak hesaplanan dönüm noktaları büyük ölçüde gözlenen gelir aralıklarının dışındadır. Yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi emisyonlarla negatif, fosil yakıt tüketimi ve enerji yoğunluğu ise pozitif ilişkilidir. Sonuçlar, çevresel iyileşmenin yalnızca gelir artışına bağlı olmadığını ve enerji yapısı, enerji verimliliği ile kurumsal kapasitenin gelir grupları dikkate alınarak değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir.
Makale Kullanım İstatistikleri
İndirmeler
Referanslar
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