Referanslar

1. Ahmad T. H., Baig, M., & Hui, J. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic and economic impact. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, May(36), 73-78. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2638
2. Aityan, S. K., & Gupta, T. K. P. (2011). Challenges of employee loyalty in corporate America. Business and Economics Journal, 55, 35-47.
3. Akman, Y. & Özdemir, M. (2019). Örgütsel çekicilik, örgütsel imaj ve örgütsel sadakat arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi: Öğretmenler üzerine bir araştırma. Eğitim ve Bilim, 44(198), 1-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15390/EB.2018.7928
4. Aljayi, Y., Fjer, A., Guennioui, M., & Tamek, A. (2016). Multinational companies’ human resource management practices’ and their organizational culture impact on employees’ loyalty: Case of Japanese multinational company in Morocco. Procedia - Social and Behavioural Sciences, 230, 204-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.09.026
5. Arendt, C., LaFleche, M., & Limperopulos, M. A. (2017). A qualitative meta-analysis of apologia, image repair, and crisis communication: Implications for theory and practice. Public Relations Review, 43, 517-526.
6. Ashcroft, L. S. (1997). Crisis management- public relations. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 12(5), 325-333. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683949710183522
7. Barnum, M. (2020). Should schools close due to coronavirus? Here's what research says. https://www.chalkbeat.org/. (Erişim Tarihi: 15-12-2020).
8. Blackman, D., & Ritchie B. W. (2008). Tourism crisis management and organizational learning. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 23(2-4), 45-57. https://doi.org/10.1300/J073v23n02_04
9. Bennett, N., Martin, C. L., Bies, R. J., & Brockner, J. (1995). Coping with a layoff: A longitidunal study of victims. Journal of Management, 21(6), 1025-1040. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639502100601
10. Biçer, M. (2021). Örgütsel sadakat ve lider-üye etkileşiminin çalışanların bireysel iş performansları üzerindeki etkileri. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(2), 1518-1538. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.857071
11. Braverman, M. (2003). Managing the human impact of crisis. Risk Management, 50(5), 10-14.
12. Brockner, J. & James, E. H. (2008). Toward and an understanding of when executives see crisis as opportunity. The Journal of Applied Behavioural Science, 44(1), 94-115. https://doi.org/101177/0021886307313824
13. Bossong, R. (2013). EU civilian crisis management and organizational learning. European Security, 22(1), 94-112. https://doi.org/10.1080/09662839.2012.704364
14. Buchanan, B. (1974). Building organizational commitment: The socialization of managers in work organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 19, 533-546. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391809
15. Choi, J., Sung , S., & Kim, M. (2010). How do groups react to unexpected threats? Crisis management in organizational teams. Social Behaviour and Personality, 38(6), 805-828. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2010.38.6.805
16. Coombs, W. T. (2007). Attribution theory as a guide for post-crisis communication research. Public Relations Review, 33(2), 135-139. https://10.1016/j.pubrev.2006.11.016
17. Çalışkan, A. (2020). Kriz yönetimi: Bir ölçek geliştirme çalışması. Türk Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 106-120.
18. Dawar, N., & Lei, J. (2009). Brand crises: The roles of brand familiarity and crisis relevance indetermining the ımpact on brand evaluation. Journal of Business Research, 62, 509-516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.02.001
19. Dede, Y. E. & Sazkaya, M. K. (2018). The mediating role of employee loyalty between employee empowerment and employee innovative behaviour: A study from Teknopark Istanbul. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 8(1), 55-82.
20. Dutta, S., & Pulling, C. (2011). Effectiveness corporate responses to brand crises: The role of crisis typeand response strageties. Journal of Business Research, 64, 1281-1287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.01.013
21. Efraty, D., & Wolfe, D. M. (1988). The effect of organizational identification on employee affective and performance responses. Journal of Business and Psychology, 3(1), 105-112.
22. Gong, Y., Law, K. S., Chang, S., & Xin, K. R. (2009). Human resources management and firm performance: The differential role of managerial affective and continuance commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 263–275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0013116
23. Graham, M. W., Avery, E. J., & Park, S. (2015). The role of social media in local government crisis communications. Public Relations Review, 41(3), 386–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2015.02.001
24. Grundy, M., & Moxon, R. (2013). The effectiveness of airline crisis management on brand protection: A case study of British airways. Journal of Air Transport Management, 28, 55-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2012.12.011
25. Gürçaylılar Yenidoğan, T. (2009). Müşteri sadâkat programları: Pazarlama yazınında bakış açıları ve genel bağlam. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12(21), 116-138.
26. Hale J. E., Dulek, E. R., & Hale, D. P. (2005). Crisis response communication challenges: Building theory from qualitative data. Journal of Business Communication, 42, 112-134. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021943605274751
27. Halkos, G., & Bousinakis, D. (2016). The effect of crisis on employees’ stress and dissatisfaction. 5th ENVECON Conference, MPRA. tarihinde “https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327118845_The_effect_of_crisis_on_employees'_stress_and_dissatisfaction”, (Erişim Tarihi: 25.12.2020).
28. Herbane, B. (2013). Exploring crisis management in UK small- and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 21(2), 82-95.
29. Hetu, S. N., Gupta, S., Vu, V., & Tan, G. (2018). A simulation framework for crisis management: Designand use. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 85, 15-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2018.03.001
30. Huang, Y. C., Tseng, Y. P., & Petrick, J. F. (2008). Crisis management planning to restore tourism after disasters: A case study from taiwan. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 23(2-4), 203-221. https://doi.org/10.1300/J073v23n02_16
31. Jumayeva, J., & Aktepe, C. (2020). Kriz dönemlerinde konaklama sektörü işletmelerinin müşteri ilişkileri yönetimine yönelik uygulamaları: Türkiye-Rusya uçak krizi. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(4), 4449-4465. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2020.1115
32. Jurgens, M., & Helsloot, I. (2018). The effect of social media on the dynamics of (self) resilience during disasters: A literature review. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 26(1), 79–88.
33. Kang, I., Lee, K. C., Lee, S., & Choi, J. (2007). Investigation of online community voluntary behaviour using cognitive map. Computers in Human Behaviour, 23, 111-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2004.03.039
34. Karp, P. & McGowan, M. (2020). Clear as mud': Schools ask for online learning help as coronavirus policy confusion persists. https://www.theguardian.com/”, (Erişim Tarihi: 23-12-2020).
35. Kehoe, R. R., & Wright, P. M. (2013). The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees’ attitudes and behaviours. Journal of Management, 39, 366–391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206310365901
36. Kiruthiga, V., & Magesh, R. (2015). Enticement of employee loyalty. Internatıonal Journal of Scientific Research, 4(1), 223-225.
37. Koç, H. (2009). Örgütsel bağlılık ve sadakat ilişkisi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(28), 200-211.
38. Küçük, F. & Bayuk, M. N. (2007). Kriz ortamında bir başarı faktörü olarak çalışanların kurum imajı. Journal of Yasar University, 2(7), 795-808.
39. Lanaj, K., Chang, C. H. D., & Johnson, R. E. (2012). Regulatory focus and work-related outcomes: A review and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 42, 800-820. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027723.
40. Lawrence, P. R. (1958). The changing of organizational behaviour patterns: A case study of decentralization. Harvard University Graduate School of Business Administration, Division of Research: Boston.
41. Lee, J., Woeste, J. H., & Heath, R., L., (2007). Getting ready for crises: Strategic excellence. Public Relations Review, 33, 334-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2007.05.014
42. Lee, Y., & Harrald, J. R. (1999). Critical issue for business area impact analysis in business crisis management: Analytical capability. Disaster Prevention and Management An International Journal, 8(3), 184-189.
43. Liu, Y., Cheng, P., & Ouyang, Z. (2021). How trust mediate the effects of perceived justice on loyalty: A study in the context of automotive recall in China. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 58, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102322.
44. Mael, F. A., & Ashforth, B. E. (2001). Identification in work, war, sports and religion: contrasting the benefits and risks. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 31(2), 197-222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5914.00154
45. Mahmood, B., Ahmed Qureshi, J., Huraira, A. & Mahmood, A. (2019). Relationship between brand experience and brand loyalty. Örgütsel Davranış Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 79-88.
46. Makkonen, H., Pohjola, M., Olkkonen, R., & Koponen, A. (2014). Dynamic capabilities and firm performance in a financial crisis. Journal of Business Research, 67(1), 2707–2719. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.03.020
47. Markovits, Y., Boer, D., & Dick, R. V. (2013). Economic crisis and the employee: The effects of economic crisis on employee job satisfaction, commitment and self-regulation. European Management Journal, 32(3), 413-422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2013.09.005
48. Matzler, K. & Renzl, B. (2006). The relationship between interpersonal trust, employee satisfaction, and employee loyalty. Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, 17(10), 1261-1271. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783360600753653.
49. Meesangkaew, N. (2019). The effects of internal crisis communication on communication satisfaction, employee satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention for Thai hotel employees. (Graduate theses and dissertations). https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/17511
50. Meydan, C. & Şeşen, H. (2011). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi AMOS uygulamaları. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık
51. Monferrer, D., Segarra, J. R., Estrada, M., & Moliner, M. A. (2019). Service quality and customer loyalty in a post-crisis context prediction-oriented modeling to enhance the particular importance of a social and sustainable approach. Sustainability, 11(4930), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11184930
52. Murali, S., Poddar, A., & Seema, A. (2017). Employee loyalty, organizational performance & performance evaluation- a critical survey. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 19(8), 62-74. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-1908036274.
53. Naeem, M., & Sami, A., (2020). Product brand loyalty and purchase decision: a comparative study of automobile industry of Pakistan. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Research, 3(3), 76-87. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.19225.11366
54. Olawale, S. R. (2014). Crisis management strategy and its effects on organizational performance of multinational corporations in Nigeria: Empirical evidence from Promassidor Ltd. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(23), 79-87.
55. Oliver, R. L. (1999). Whence consumer loyalty. Journal of Marketing, 63, 33-44.
56. Paksoy, H. M., & Özbezek, B. D. (2013). Örgütsel değişimde beşerî sermayenin rolü. Akademik Bakış, 6(12), 1-39.
57. Pan, P. L., & Meng, J. (2016). Media frames across stages of health crisis: A crisis management approach to news coverage of flu pandemic. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 24(2), 95–106. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/1468-5973.12105
58. Pearson C. M., & Clair, J. A. (1998). Reframing crisis management. Academy of Management Review, 23(1), 59-76. https://doi.org/ 10.2307/259099
59. Pheng, L. S., David, K. H., & Ann, Y. S. (1999). Crisis management: Survey of property development firms. Property Management, 17(3), 231-251. https://doi.org/ 10.1108/02637479910286916
60. Ponis, S. T., & Ntalla, A. (2016). Crisis management practices and approaches: Insights from major supply chain crises. Procedia Economics and Finance, 39, 668-673. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)30287-8
61. Puchan, H. (2001). The Mercedes-Benz A-class crisis. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 6(1), 42-46. https://doi.org/10.1108/13563280110381215
62. Punia, B. K. & Sharma, P. (2008). Employees perspective on human resource procurement practices as a retention tool in Indian IT sector. The Journal Of Business Perspective, 12, 57-69. https://doi.org/10.1177/097226290801200406
63. Ritchie, B. W. (2004). Chaos, crises and disasters: A strategic approach to crisis management. Tourism Management, 25(6), 669-683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2003.09.004
64. Rodrigueza, G. C., Román, C. P., & Zú˜niga-Vicente, J. A. (2019). The relationship between identification and loyalty in a public university: Are there differences between (the perceptions) professors and graduates?. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 25(3), 122-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2019.04.005
65. Savage, S. P., Moon, G., Kelly, K., & Bradshaw, Y. (1997). Divided loyalties?—The police surgeon and criminal justice. Policing and Society, 7(2), 79-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1997.9964766
66. Semerciöz, F., Pehlivan, Ç., Sözüer, A., & Mert, A. (2015). Crisis management practices and strategic responses through customer loyalty and price strategy in hard times: Evidence from fine-dining restaurants. Procedia- Social and Behavioural Sciences, 207, 149-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.10.164
67. Simon, M. (2020). Children's Coronavirus Cases Are Not As Severe, But That Doesn't Make Them Less Serious. “https://edition.cnn.com/”, (Erişim Tarihi: 15-12-2020).
68. Skowron, L. & Kristensen, K. (2012). The impact of the recent banking crisis on customer loyalty in the banking sector: Developing versus developed countries. The TQM Journal, 24(6), 480-497. https://doi.org/10.1108/17542731211270052
69. Syanevets, T. D., & Sudakova, T. V. (2019). Organizational loyalty as a characteristic of management quality for an energy company. E3S Web of Conferences, 124. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912405050.
70. Taylor, L., Sharma, G., Martin, A., & Jameson, S. (Eds.) (2020). Data justice and covıd-19: Global perspectives. Meatspace Press. https://archive.org/download/data-justice-and-covid-19/Data_Justice_and_COVID-19.pdf
71. Uyar, A. (2019). Müşteri memnuniyeti ile müşteri sadakati arasındaki ilişkinin yapısal eşitlik modeli ile incelenmesi: Otomobil kullanıcıları üzerine bir uygulama. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(69), 41-57. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.416556
72. Venkateswaran, P. S., Sabarirajan, A., Mohammed Imrankhan, S., & Elangovan, K. E. (2015). A study on brand loyalty behaviour among the customers towards branded shirts. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 10(28), 21937-21945.
73. Williamson, J., & Hassanli, N. (2020). It’s all in the recipe: How to increase domestic leisure tourists’ experiential loyalty to local food. Tourism Management Perspectives, 36, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100745
74. Yıldırım, Y., Üzüm, H., & Yıldırım, İ. (2012). An examination of physical education teachers in terms of their organizational citizenship behaviours and organizational loyalty according to some demographic variables. Procedia- Social and Behavioural Sciences, 47, 2146–2156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.964