Vol. 8 No. 1 (2020): Business & Management Studies: An International Journal
Articles

LEADERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION

Müge KLEIN
Assoc. Prof. Dr., Türk-Alman University

Published 2020-03-25

Keywords

  • Leadership 4.0, Digital Leadership, Digital Leader
  • Liderlik 4.0, Dijital Liderlik, Dijital Lider

How to Cite

KLEIN, M. (2020). LEADERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 8(1), 883–902. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v8i1.1441

Abstract

Digital transformation provoked by Industry 4.0 should not be just seen as a technological issue, it causes also fundamental changes in processes and in organizations of companies. Notably a new understanding of leadership can be counted on to them. The so-called “digital leaders” are expected to act rapidly and flexible in networked and distributed organization structures on the one hand and on the other hand they have to manage the digital transformation of the organization. Since most of the companies are still in the beginning of their digital transformation, there is a lack of a common understanding and a standard model of digital leadership. Most of the existing research works are visionary and predict the requirements for digital leadership on anticipated technological, economical and organizational changes; only few of them report about changes in leadership based on implemented cases. The objective of this study is to sum up main characteristics of the leadership in the era of digital transformation by applying content analysis of literature review as the method.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

  1. Ahlquist, J. (2014). Trending now: Digital leadership education using social media and the social change
  2. model. Journal of Leadership Studies, 8(2), 57-60.
  3. Albrecht, A. (2017). Leadership 4.0: Virtuelle Organisationsformen. In Jung, H.; Kraft, P. (Eds.) Digital
  4. vernetzt. Transformation der Wertschöpfung. Carl Hanser Verlag, München.
  5. Bauer, W., Hämmerle, M., Schlund, S., & Vocke, C. (2015). Transforming to a hyper-connected society and
  6. economy–towards an “Industry 4.0”. Procedia Manufacturing, 3, 417-424.
  7. Bolte, S., Dehmer, J., & Niemann, J. (2018). Digıtal Leadershıp 4.0. Acta Technica
  8. Napocensis-Series: Applied Mathematics, Mechanics, and Engineering, 61(4).
  9. Banger, G. (2018). Endüstri 4.0 Uygulama ve Dönüşüm Rehberi (1st ed.). Ankara, Dorlion.
  10. Bawany, S. (2019). Leadership 4.0: How Ready Are You To Be A Digital Leader? Leadership Excellence, 36(2), 28-30.
  11. Beeks, J. (2012). A Review of “Community Leadership 4.0: Impacting A World Gone Wiki”. World Futures, 68(6), 456-459.
  12. Bennis, W. (2013). Leadership in a digital world: embracing transparency and adaptive capacity. MIS Quarterly, 37(2), 635-636.
  13. Berghaus, S., & Back, A. (2016). Gestaltungsbereiche der digitalen Transformation von Unternehmen: Entwicklung eines Reifegradmodells. Die Unternehmung, 70(2), 98-123.
  14. Berns, C. (2019).The True Value of Leadership in the Digital Age. African Business (July).
  15. Boneau, J., & Thompson, G. (2013). Leadership 4.0. Leadership Excellence, 30(1), 6.
  16. Bosch, U., Hentschel, S., & Kramer, S. (2018). Digital offroad: Erfolgsstrategien für die digitale
  17. Transformation. Haufe-Lexware.
  18. Burmeister, C., Lüttgens, D., & Piller, F. T. (2016). Business model innovation for Industrie 4.0: Why the
  19. “Industrial Internet” mandates a new perspective on innovation. Die Unternehmung, 70(2), 124-152.
  20. Bygstad, B., Aanby, H. P., & Iden, J. (2017). Leading digital transformation: The Scandinavian way.
  21. In Scandinavian Conference on Information Systems (pp. 1-14). Springer, Cham.
  22. Davutoğlu, N. A. (2018). Sanayi 4.0’ın Liderlik ve İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimine Algısal Etkileri. Journal of Social and Humanities Research, 5(30), 4041-4048.
  23. DGFP-Praxispapiere (2016). Leitfaden 03/2016 Führen im digitalisierten Unternehmen. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Personalführung e.V.
  24. Dimitrov, A. (2018). The Digital Age Leadership: A Transhumanistic Perspective. Journal of Leadership Studies, 12(3), 79-81.
  25. Doğa Koleji Öğrenci Meclisi (2015). Dijital Çağda Esnek Liderlik (1st ed.). İstanbul, Doğan Egmont
  26. Yayıncılık.
  27. Doz, Y. L., & Kosonen, M. (2010). Embedding strategic agility: A leadership agenda for accelerating business model renewal. Long range planning, 43(2-3), 370-382.
  28. Durmuş, A. (2019). Endüstri 4.0 Eğitim 4.0 Liderlik 4.0 Toplum 5.0 (1st ed.). İstanbul, Efe Akademi Yayınları.
  29. El Sawy, O. A., Kræmmergaard, P., Amsinck, H., & Vinther, A. L. (2016). How LEGO Built the Foundations and Enterprise Capabilities for Digital Leadership. MIS Quarterly Executive, 15(2), 141-166.
  30. Fisk, P. (2002). The Making of a Digital Leader. Business Strategy Review, 13(1), 43-50.
  31. Fitzgerald, M., Kruschwitz, N., Bonnet, D., & Welch, M. (2014). Embracing digital technology: A new
  32. strategic imperative. MIT sloan management review, 55(2), 1.
  33. Genner, S., Probst, L., Huber, R., Werkmann-Karcher, B., Gundrum, E., & Majkovic, A. L. (2017). IAP Studie
  34. : der Mensch in der Arbeitswelt 4.0.
  35. Haack, C. (2018). Building Digital Leaders. Unternehmenswertsteigerung durch Digitalisierung. Books on Demand, Norderstedt.
  36. Hammermann, A., & Stettes, O. (2017). Stellt die Digitalisierung neue Anforderungen an Führung und Leistungsmanagement? IW-Trends, 44(4), 93-111.
  37. Hanschke, I. (2018). Digitalisierung und Industrie 4.0-einfach und effektiv: Systematisch und lean die Digitale Transformation meistern. Carl Hanser Verlag.
  38. Hearsum, S. (2015). How to develop digital leadership capability? Strategic HR Review (October).
  39. Henriette, E., Feki, M., & Boughzala, I. (2016). Digital Transformation Challenges. MCIS.
  40. Herder-Wynne, F., Amato, R., & Uit de Weerd, F. (2017). Leadership 4.0 A review of the thinking. Oxford Leadership.
  41. Herold, G. (2016). Leadership in the fourth industrial revolution. Stanton Chase. Retrieved (January 2020): https://www.stantonchasemontreal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/leadership-in-fourth-industrial-revolution.pdf
  42. Hess, T., Matt, C., Benlian, A., & Wiesböck, F. (2016). Options for formulating a digital transformation strategy. MIS Quarterly Executive, 15(2).
  43. Ivančić, L., Vukšić, V. B., & Spremić, M. (2019). Mastering the digital transformation process: business practices and lessons learned. Technology Innovation Management Review, 9(2), 36-50.
  44. Junita, I. (2019). Transformational Leadership in Digital Era: Analysis of Nadiem Makarim (Founder of GO-
  45. JEK Indonesia) Leadership Figure. IJBE (Integrated Journal of Business and Economics).
  46. Khan, S. (2016). Leadership in the digital age: A study on the effects of digitalisation on top management leadership (Master’s thesis). Stockholm Business School, Sweden.
  47. Klus, M. F., & Müller, J. (2019). The digital leader: What one needs to master today's organisational challenges Diskussionspapier des Instituts für Organisationsökonomik, No. 11/201 University of Münster, Institute for Organisational Economics.
  48. Kofler, T. (2018). Digitale Transformation in Unternehmen. In N. Höhne, D. Méndez, K. B. Zimmer (Ed.), ZD.B Digital Dialogue Positionspapier.
  49. Kreutzer, R. T., Neugebauer, T., & Pattloch, A. (2017). Digital business leadership. Digital Transformation–Geschäftsmodell-Innovation–agile Organisation–Change-Management. Wiesbaden, Springer Gabler Verlag.
  50. Larjovuori, R. L., Bordi, L., & Heikkilä-Tammi, K. (2018, October). Leadership in the digital business transformation. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Academic Mindtrek Conference (pp. 212-221). ACM.
  51. Lindner, D., & Greff, T. (2019). Führung im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung–was sagen Führungskräfte? HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik, 56(3), 628-646.
  52. Mayring, P. (2015). Qualitative content analysis: Theoretical background and procedures. In Approaches to qualitative research in mathematics education (pp. 365-380). Springer, Dordrecht.
  53. Mayring, P. (1991). Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. In U. Flick, E. v. Kardoff, H. Keupp, L. v. Rosenstiel, & S. Wolff (Eds.), Handbuch qualitative Forschung: Grundlagen, Konzepte, Methoden und Anwendungen (S. 209-213). München, Beltz- Psychologie Verl. Union.
  54. Mihardjo, L., Sasmoko, S., Alamsjah, F., & Elidjen, E. (2019). Digital leadership role in developing business model innovation and customer experience orientation in industry 4.0. Management Science Letters, 9(11), 1749-1762.
  55. Mirza, M. S. (2017). Leadership excellence for the Digital Age. HR Future (2017 May), 20-23.
  56. Narbona, J. (2016). Digital leadership, Twitter and Pope Francis. Church, Communication and Culture, 1(1), 90-109.
  57. Oberer, B., & Erkollar, A. (2018). Leadership 4.0: Digital Leaders in the Age of Industry 4.0. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 7(4), 404-412.
  58. Paulin, S. (2014). Leadership 4.0 From Ego-system to Eco-system. AI Practitioner, 16(1), 54-58.
  59. Petrucci, T., & Rivera, M. (2018). Leading Growth through the Digital Leader. Journal of Leadership Studies, 12(3), 53-56.
  60. Preusser, I. & Bruch, H. (2014). Leadership 2.0 - Führung in digitalen Zeiten: Leadership Chancen und Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung. Praxis der Wirtschaftspsychologie III, 25.
  61. Prince, K. A. (2017). Industrie 4.0 and leadership. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Electronic Business (pp. 132-139). ICEB, Dubai, UAE, December 4-8.
  62. Raza, B. (2016). Leadership 4.0. Module: Management Competencies 1 (MC1) (Master’s thesis, Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany).
  63. Rüth, R., & Netzer, T. (2019). The key elements of cultural intelligence as a driver for digital leadership success. Leadership, Education, Personality: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 1-6.
  64. Sainger, G. (2018). Leadership in digital age: A study on the role of leader in this era of digital transformation. International Journal on Leadership, 6(1), 1.
  65. Santoso, H., Elidjen, E., Abdinagoro, S., & Arief, M. (2019). The role of creative self-efficacy, transformational leadership, and digital literacy in supporting performance through innovative work behavior: Evidence from telecommunications industry. Management Science Letters, 9(13), 2305-2314.
  66. Sasmoko, S., Mihardjo, L., Alamsjah, F., & Elidjen, E. (2019). Dynamic capability: The effect of digital leadership on fostering innovation capability based on market orientation. Management Science Letters, 9(10), 1633-1644.
  67. Schwab, K. (2017). The Fourth Industrial Revolution. Portfolio Penguin.
  68. Sikora, H. (2017). Digital Age Management: Führung im digitalen Zeitalter. E & I Elektrotechnik und
  69. Informationstechnik, 134(7), 344-348.
  70. Sow, M., & Aborbie, S. (2018). Impact of Leadership on Digital Transformation. Business and Economic Research, 8(3), 139-148.
  71. Staffen, S., & Schoenwald, L. (2016). Leading in the Context of the Industrial Revolution. Retrieved (January 2020): https://www.capgemini.com/consulting-de/wp-content/uploads/sites/
  72. /2017/08/resouces_leader_40_industrial_revolution.pdf
  73. Sullivan, L. (2017). 8 Skills Every Digital Leader Needs. Retrieved (February 2020) https://www.cmswire.com/digital-workplace/8-skills-every-digital-leader-needs/
  74. Tanniru, M., Khuntia, J., & Weiner, J. (2018). Hospital Leadership in Support of Digital Transformation. Pacific Asia Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 10(3).
  75. Toduk, Y. (2014). 2023 Lideri Dijital Çağın Liderlik Sırları (1st ed.). İstanbul, Doğan Egmont Yayıncılık.
  76. Tüzmen, A. B. (2017). Endüstri 4.0 İle Dönüşen Liderlik. Harvard Business Review Türkiye (Nisan)
  77. Urçar, S. (2017). Dijital zamanlarda liderlik. Turkishtime (February)
  78. Van Outvorst, F., Visker, C., & De Waal, B. (2017). Digital leadership: the consequences of organizing and working in a digital society. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Management, Leadership and Governance ICMLG 2017 (pp. 463-471).
  79. van Outvorst, F., Visker, C., & de Waal, B. M. (2018, October). Digital Leadership: As the Only Way to Survive a Changing Digital World? In ECMLG 2018 14th European Conference on Management, Leadership and Governance (p. 300).
  80. Wilding, R., Wagner, B., Seuring, S., & Gold, S. (2012). Conducting content‐analysis based literature reviews in supply chain management. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal.
  81. Wilson III, E. J., Goethals, G. R., Sorenson, G., & Burns, J. M. (2004). Leadership in the digital age. Encyclopedia of leadership, 4, 858-861.
  82. Yücebalkan, B. (2018). Digital leadership in the context of digitalization and digital transformations. In B. Eryılmaz, K. Özlü, Y. B. Keskin, & C. Yücetürk (Eds), Current Academic Studies in Social Science 2018 (Vol. 1). Gece Kitaplığı.
  83. Yüksel, M., & Genç, K. Y. (2018, December). Endüstri 4.0 ve Liderlik. 2nd International Symposium on Innovative Approaches in Scientific Studies, Samsun, Turkey.