Makaleler
GİRİŞİMCİ KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN GİRİŞİMCİLİK NİYETİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: UYGULAMALI GİRİŞİMCİLİK EĞİTİMİNE KATILANLAR ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA
Ayşe İpek KOCA BALLI- Ferda ÜSTÜN
Yayınlanmış 20.03.2019
Anahtar Kelimeler
- Entrepreneurial Personality Characteristics,
- Entrepreneurship Intention,
- Applied Entrepreneurship Training
- Girişimci Kişilik Özellikleri,
- Girişimcilik Niyeti,
- Uygulamalı Girişimcilik Eğitimi
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
GİRİŞİMCİ KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN GİRİŞİMCİLİK NİYETİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: UYGULAMALI GİRİŞİMCİLİK EĞİTİMİNE KATILANLAR ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA. (2019). Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 7(1), 308-326. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v7i1.1068
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
GİRİŞİMCİ KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN GİRİŞİMCİLİK NİYETİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: UYGULAMALI GİRİŞİMCİLİK EĞİTİMİNE KATILANLAR ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA. (2019). Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 7(1), 308-326. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v7i1.1068
Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı, uygulamalı girişimcilik eğitimine katılanların girişimci kişilik özelliklerini ve girişimci kişilik özelliklerinin girişimcilik niyeti üzerindeki rolünü belirlemektir. Araştırma amaçları doğrultusunda tasarlanan ölçme aracında girişimci kişilik özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla İşcan ve Kaygın (2011) tarafından geliştirilen girişimci kişilik özellikleri ölçeği; girişimcilik niyetini belirlemek amacıyla ise Liñán ve Chen (2009) tarafından geliştirilen girişimcilik niyeti ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarında en yüksek olarak gözlenen girişimci kişilik özelliğinin kendine güven, en düşük olarak gözlenen girişimci kişilik özelliğinin ise belirsizliğe karşı tolerans, olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte girişimci kişilik özelliklerinden kendine güven, başarma ihtiyacı, iç kontrol odağı ve belirsizliğe karşı tolerans ile girişimcilik niyeti arasında anlamlı ilişkiler saptanmıştır. Bununla birlikte risk alma ve yenilikçilik ile girişimcilik niyeti arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır.
Referanslar
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Allen, R. K. (2006). Launching new ventures, an entrepreneurial approach. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
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Babb, E. M. & Babb, S. V. (1992). Psychological traits of rural entrepreneurs. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 21(4), 353-362.
Bayrak, C., & Terzi, Ç. (2004). Okul yöneticilerinin girişimcilik özelliklerinin okullara yansımaları. 13. Ulusal Eğitim Bilimleri Kurultayı, Temmuz, XIII. Ulusal Eğitim Bilimleri Kurultayı, İnönü Üniversitesi, Malatya, 1-14.
Bezzina, F. (2010). Characteristic of the Maltese entrepreneur. International Journal of Arts and Science. Vol. 3 (7), 292-312.
Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intentions. Academy of Management Review, 13: 442-454.
Bonnett, C. & Furnham, A. (1991). Who wants to be an entrepreneur? A study of adolescents interested in a young enterprise scheme. Journal of Economic Psychology, 12(3), 465-478.
Bozkurt, Ö. Ç. (2011). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de girişimcilik eğitimi: başarılı girişimciler ve öğretim üyelerinden öneriler. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
Brandstätter, H. (2011). Personality aspects of entrepreneurship: A look at five meta-analyses. Personality and individual differences, 51(3), 222-230.
Cantillon, R. (1755), Essai sur la nature du commerce en général, London: Fetcher Gyler. Translation: Essay on the nature of trade in general. London: MacMillan (1931).
Carayannis, E. G., Evans, D., & Hanson, M. (2003). A cross-cultural learning strategy for entrepreneurship education: outline of key concepts and lessons learned from a comparative study of entrepreneurship students in France and the US. Technovation, 23(9), 757-771.
Cassidy, T. & Lynn, R. (1989). A multifactorial approach to achievement motivation: The development of a comprehensive measure. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 62, 301–312.
Chen, C. C., Greene, P. G., & Crick, A. (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers? Journal of Business Venturing, 13: 295-316.
Chen, C.C., Greene, P.G., & Crick, A. (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers?. Journal of Business Venturing, 13(4), 295–316.
Collins, C. J., Hanges, P., & Locke, E. A.(2004). The relationship of need for achievement to entrepreneurship: A meta-analysis. Human Performance, 17: 95-117.
Corman, J., Perles, B. and Vancini, P. (1988), Motivational factors influencing high-technology entrepreneurship. Journal of Small Business Management, 26, 36-42.
Cromie, S. (2000). Assessing entrepreneurial inclinations, European Journal Of Work And Organizational Psychology, 9(1), 7–30.
Dabic, M., Daim, T., Bayraktaroglu, E., Novak, I. & Basic, M. (2012). Exploring gender differences in attitudes of university students towards entrepreneurship: An international survey. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 4(3), 316-336.
Damanpour, F. (1996). Organizational complexity and innovation: developing and testing multiple contingency models. Management Science, 42 (5), 693-716.
Davidsson, P. (1995). Determinants of entrepreneurial intentions.paper presented at the RENT IX Workshop, Piacenza,Italy.
De Pillis, E. & Reardon, K. K. (2007). The influence of personality traits and persuasive messages on entrepreneurial intention: A cross-cultural comparison. Career Development International, 12(4), 382-396.
Dinis, A., do Paco, A., Ferreira, J., Raposo, M., & Gouveia Rodrigues, R. (2013). Psychological characteristics and entrepreneurial intentions among secondary students. Education+ Training, 55(8/9), 763-780.
Döm, S. (2006). Girişimcilik ve küçük işletme yöneticiliği. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
Furnham, A., & Stelle H. (1993). Measuring locus of control: a critique of general, children's, health- and work-related locus of control questionnaires. British Journal of Psychology, 84(4), 443-479.
Gartner, W. B. (1985). A conceptual framework for describing the phenomenon of new venture creation. Academy of Management Review, 10(4), 696-706.
Gartner, W. B., Shaver, K. G., Gatewood, E., & Katz, J. A. (1994). Finding the entrepreneur in entrepreneurship, 18(3): 5-9.
Gatewood, E.J., Shaver, K.G. & Gartner, W.B. (1995) A longitudinal study of cognitive factors influencing start-up behaviors and success at venture creation. Journal of Business Venturing, 10, 371-91.
Good, S.W. (2003). Building a dream: A Canadian guide to starting your own business (5th ed). Toronto: Mc Graw-Hill Ryerson Limited.
Hamidi, D., Wennberg, K. & Berglund, H. (2008). Creativity in entrepreneurship education, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 15(2): 304-20.
Henry, C., Hill, F ve Leitch, C. (2003). Entrepreneurship: Education and training. England: Ash Gate Publishing Limited.
Hisrich, R. D. ve Peters P. M. (1995). Entrepreneurship: Starting, developing and managing a new enterprise (3rd ed.). Homewood: Richard D. Irwin Inc.
Ho, T.S. ve Koh, H.C. (1992). Differences in psychological characteristics between entrepreneurially inclined and non-entrepreneurially inclined accounting graduates in Singapore. Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Change: An International Journal, 1, 43-54.
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills; London: Sage Publications.
Israr, A., & Hashim, N. (2017). Impact of personality on entrepreneurial intentions: A proposed framework. Asian journal of multidisciplinary studies, 5(3), 67-73.
İşcan, Ö. F., ve Kaygın, E. (2011). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin girişimcilik eğilimlerini belirlemeye yönelik bir araştırma. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15(2), 443-462.
Javan, R. S. (2014). The relationship between personality traits and entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management Journal, 2(1), 22-33.
Knight, F.H. (1921). Risk, uncertainty and profit. New York: Houghton Mifflin. Also Chicago: University of Chicago Press (1971).
Krueger, N. F. & Brazeal, D. V. (1994). Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 18(3): 91–104.
Krueger, N. F., Reilly, M. D. ve Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurialintentions. Journal of Business Venturing,15(5), 411-432.
Kuratko, D. F. (2009). Entrepreneurship, theory, process, practice. (8th ed). USA: South-Western Cengage Learning.
Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J. & Sparrowe, R. T. (2000). An examination of the mediating role of psychological empowerment on the relations between the job, ınterpersonal relationships and work outcome. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 407-416.
Liñán, F. & Chen, Y. W. (2009). Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3): 119-144.
Littunen, H. (2000). Entrepreneurship and the characteristics of entrepreneurial personality. International Journal of Entrepreneurship behaviour and Research, 6(6), 296-309.
Low, M.B. and MacMillan, I.C. (1988). Entrepreneurship: past research and future challenges. Journal of Management, 14(2), 139-61.
Luthans, F., Stakovic, A. ve Ibrayeva, E. (2000). Environmental and psychological challenges facing entrepreneurial development on transitional economies. The Journal of World Business, 35 (1), 95-110.
Lüthje, C., & Franke, N. (2003). The ‘making’of an entrepreneur: testing a model of entrepreneurial intent among engineering students at MIT. R&D Management, 33(2), 135-147.
Mazzarol, T., Volery, T., Doss, N. & Thein, V. (1999). Factors influencing small business start-ups” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research, 5(2):48-63.
McClelland, D. C. (1961). The achiving society, Princeton: D. Van Nostrand Company.
McClelland, D. C. (1965). Need achievement and entrepreneurship: A longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1, 389–392.
Mirela, B. (2008). Innovation-the characteristic tool of entrepreneurs. Economic Science Series, 17(4), 135-138.
Naktiyok, A. (2004). İç girişimcilik. İstanbul: Beta Basım.
Okhomina, D. (2007). Does level of education influence psychological traits? Evidence from used car entrepreneurs. Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 3: 1-14.
Özden K., Temurlenk, M. S ve Başar S. (2008). Girişimcilik eğilimi: Kırgızistan-Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi ve Atatürk Üniversitesi öğrencileri üzerine bir araştırma, 2. Uluslararası Girişimcilik Kongresi, Kırgızistan-Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi 112 (16), 229-240.
Praag, C. M. V. (2005). Successful entrepreneurship: confronting economic theory with empirical practice. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publisihg Limited.
Rauch, A., & Frese, M. (2007). Born to be an entrepreneur? Revisiting the personality approach to entrepreneurship. In J. R. Baum, M. Frese, & R. A. Baron (Eds.), The psychology of entrepreneurship: 41-65. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Robinson, P.B., Stimpson, D.V., Huefner, J.C. & Hunt, H.K. (1991): “An attitude approach to the prediction of entrepreneurship”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 15 (4), 13-30.
Rose, R. C., Kumar, N. ve Yen, L. L. (2006). The dynamics of entrepreneurs’ success factors in influencing venture growth. Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, 3 (3), 1-19.
Say, J.B. (1803), Traité d'économie politique: ou, simple exposition de la manière dont se forment, se distribuent et se consomment les richesses, Translation: Treatise on political economy: On the production, distribution and consumption of wealth. New York: Kelley (1964).
Schere, J. (1982). Tolerance for ambiguity as a discriminating variable between entrepreneurs and managers. Academy of Management Best Paper Proceedings, 42, 404-408.
Schumpeter, J.A., (1934). The theory of economic development. London: Harvard University Press.
Shane, S., Locke, E. A., & Collins, C. J. (2003). Entrepreneurial Motivation. Human Resource Management Review, 13: 257-279.
Shapero, A. & Sokol, L. (1982). Social dimensions of entrepreneurship. Kent et al (eds.) The Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall.
Shaver, K.G. & L.R. Scott. (1991). Person, process, choice: The psychology of new venture creation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16(2)23-46.
Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological Empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465.
Stewart, W. H., & Roth, P. L. (2001). Risk propensity differences between entrepreneurs and managers: A metaanalytic review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86: 145-153.
Stewart, W. H., & Roth, P. L. (2004). Data quality affects meta-analytic conclusions: A response to Miner and Raju (2004) concerning entrepreneurial risk propensity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89: 14-21.
Stewart, W. H., & Roth, P. L.( 2007). A meta-analysis of achievement motivation differences between entrepreneurs and managers. Journal of Small Business Management, 45: 401-421.
Strauser, D. R., Ketz, K., & Keim, J. (2002). The relationship between self-efficacy, locus of control and work personality. Journal of Rehabilitation, 68(1), 20.
Sundbo, J. (1998). The theory of ıinnovation: entrepreneurs, technology and strategy. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.
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Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E., & Lumpkin, G. T. (2010). The relationship of personality to entrepreneurial intentions and performance: A meta-analytic review. Journal of management, 36(2), 381-404.
Allen, R. K. (2006). Launching new ventures, an entrepreneurial approach. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Arslantaş, C. C. (2001). Girişimcilikte yaratıcılık ve yenilik. İ.Ü. İşletme Fak. İşletme İktisadi Enstitü Yönetim Dergisi, 12 (38), 17-23.
Babb, E. M. & Babb, S. V. (1992). Psychological traits of rural entrepreneurs. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 21(4), 353-362.
Bayrak, C., & Terzi, Ç. (2004). Okul yöneticilerinin girişimcilik özelliklerinin okullara yansımaları. 13. Ulusal Eğitim Bilimleri Kurultayı, Temmuz, XIII. Ulusal Eğitim Bilimleri Kurultayı, İnönü Üniversitesi, Malatya, 1-14.
Bezzina, F. (2010). Characteristic of the Maltese entrepreneur. International Journal of Arts and Science. Vol. 3 (7), 292-312.
Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intentions. Academy of Management Review, 13: 442-454.
Bonnett, C. & Furnham, A. (1991). Who wants to be an entrepreneur? A study of adolescents interested in a young enterprise scheme. Journal of Economic Psychology, 12(3), 465-478.
Bozkurt, Ö. Ç. (2011). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de girişimcilik eğitimi: başarılı girişimciler ve öğretim üyelerinden öneriler. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
Brandstätter, H. (2011). Personality aspects of entrepreneurship: A look at five meta-analyses. Personality and individual differences, 51(3), 222-230.
Cantillon, R. (1755), Essai sur la nature du commerce en général, London: Fetcher Gyler. Translation: Essay on the nature of trade in general. London: MacMillan (1931).
Carayannis, E. G., Evans, D., & Hanson, M. (2003). A cross-cultural learning strategy for entrepreneurship education: outline of key concepts and lessons learned from a comparative study of entrepreneurship students in France and the US. Technovation, 23(9), 757-771.
Cassidy, T. & Lynn, R. (1989). A multifactorial approach to achievement motivation: The development of a comprehensive measure. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 62, 301–312.
Chen, C. C., Greene, P. G., & Crick, A. (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers? Journal of Business Venturing, 13: 295-316.
Chen, C.C., Greene, P.G., & Crick, A. (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers?. Journal of Business Venturing, 13(4), 295–316.
Collins, C. J., Hanges, P., & Locke, E. A.(2004). The relationship of need for achievement to entrepreneurship: A meta-analysis. Human Performance, 17: 95-117.
Corman, J., Perles, B. and Vancini, P. (1988), Motivational factors influencing high-technology entrepreneurship. Journal of Small Business Management, 26, 36-42.
Cromie, S. (2000). Assessing entrepreneurial inclinations, European Journal Of Work And Organizational Psychology, 9(1), 7–30.
Dabic, M., Daim, T., Bayraktaroglu, E., Novak, I. & Basic, M. (2012). Exploring gender differences in attitudes of university students towards entrepreneurship: An international survey. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 4(3), 316-336.
Damanpour, F. (1996). Organizational complexity and innovation: developing and testing multiple contingency models. Management Science, 42 (5), 693-716.
Davidsson, P. (1995). Determinants of entrepreneurial intentions.paper presented at the RENT IX Workshop, Piacenza,Italy.
De Pillis, E. & Reardon, K. K. (2007). The influence of personality traits and persuasive messages on entrepreneurial intention: A cross-cultural comparison. Career Development International, 12(4), 382-396.
Dinis, A., do Paco, A., Ferreira, J., Raposo, M., & Gouveia Rodrigues, R. (2013). Psychological characteristics and entrepreneurial intentions among secondary students. Education+ Training, 55(8/9), 763-780.
Döm, S. (2006). Girişimcilik ve küçük işletme yöneticiliği. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
Furnham, A., & Stelle H. (1993). Measuring locus of control: a critique of general, children's, health- and work-related locus of control questionnaires. British Journal of Psychology, 84(4), 443-479.
Gartner, W. B. (1985). A conceptual framework for describing the phenomenon of new venture creation. Academy of Management Review, 10(4), 696-706.
Gartner, W. B., Shaver, K. G., Gatewood, E., & Katz, J. A. (1994). Finding the entrepreneur in entrepreneurship, 18(3): 5-9.
Gatewood, E.J., Shaver, K.G. & Gartner, W.B. (1995) A longitudinal study of cognitive factors influencing start-up behaviors and success at venture creation. Journal of Business Venturing, 10, 371-91.
Good, S.W. (2003). Building a dream: A Canadian guide to starting your own business (5th ed). Toronto: Mc Graw-Hill Ryerson Limited.
Hamidi, D., Wennberg, K. & Berglund, H. (2008). Creativity in entrepreneurship education, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 15(2): 304-20.
Henry, C., Hill, F ve Leitch, C. (2003). Entrepreneurship: Education and training. England: Ash Gate Publishing Limited.
Hisrich, R. D. ve Peters P. M. (1995). Entrepreneurship: Starting, developing and managing a new enterprise (3rd ed.). Homewood: Richard D. Irwin Inc.
Ho, T.S. ve Koh, H.C. (1992). Differences in psychological characteristics between entrepreneurially inclined and non-entrepreneurially inclined accounting graduates in Singapore. Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Change: An International Journal, 1, 43-54.
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills; London: Sage Publications.
Israr, A., & Hashim, N. (2017). Impact of personality on entrepreneurial intentions: A proposed framework. Asian journal of multidisciplinary studies, 5(3), 67-73.
İşcan, Ö. F., ve Kaygın, E. (2011). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin girişimcilik eğilimlerini belirlemeye yönelik bir araştırma. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15(2), 443-462.
Javan, R. S. (2014). The relationship between personality traits and entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management Journal, 2(1), 22-33.
Knight, F.H. (1921). Risk, uncertainty and profit. New York: Houghton Mifflin. Also Chicago: University of Chicago Press (1971).
Krueger, N. F. & Brazeal, D. V. (1994). Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 18(3): 91–104.
Krueger, N. F., Reilly, M. D. ve Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurialintentions. Journal of Business Venturing,15(5), 411-432.
Kuratko, D. F. (2009). Entrepreneurship, theory, process, practice. (8th ed). USA: South-Western Cengage Learning.
Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J. & Sparrowe, R. T. (2000). An examination of the mediating role of psychological empowerment on the relations between the job, ınterpersonal relationships and work outcome. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 407-416.
Liñán, F. & Chen, Y. W. (2009). Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3): 119-144.
Littunen, H. (2000). Entrepreneurship and the characteristics of entrepreneurial personality. International Journal of Entrepreneurship behaviour and Research, 6(6), 296-309.
Low, M.B. and MacMillan, I.C. (1988). Entrepreneurship: past research and future challenges. Journal of Management, 14(2), 139-61.
Luthans, F., Stakovic, A. ve Ibrayeva, E. (2000). Environmental and psychological challenges facing entrepreneurial development on transitional economies. The Journal of World Business, 35 (1), 95-110.
Lüthje, C., & Franke, N. (2003). The ‘making’of an entrepreneur: testing a model of entrepreneurial intent among engineering students at MIT. R&D Management, 33(2), 135-147.
Mazzarol, T., Volery, T., Doss, N. & Thein, V. (1999). Factors influencing small business start-ups” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research, 5(2):48-63.
McClelland, D. C. (1961). The achiving society, Princeton: D. Van Nostrand Company.
McClelland, D. C. (1965). Need achievement and entrepreneurship: A longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1, 389–392.
Mirela, B. (2008). Innovation-the characteristic tool of entrepreneurs. Economic Science Series, 17(4), 135-138.
Naktiyok, A. (2004). İç girişimcilik. İstanbul: Beta Basım.
Okhomina, D. (2007). Does level of education influence psychological traits? Evidence from used car entrepreneurs. Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 3: 1-14.
Özden K., Temurlenk, M. S ve Başar S. (2008). Girişimcilik eğilimi: Kırgızistan-Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi ve Atatürk Üniversitesi öğrencileri üzerine bir araştırma, 2. Uluslararası Girişimcilik Kongresi, Kırgızistan-Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi 112 (16), 229-240.
Praag, C. M. V. (2005). Successful entrepreneurship: confronting economic theory with empirical practice. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publisihg Limited.
Rauch, A., & Frese, M. (2007). Born to be an entrepreneur? Revisiting the personality approach to entrepreneurship. In J. R. Baum, M. Frese, & R. A. Baron (Eds.), The psychology of entrepreneurship: 41-65. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Robinson, P.B., Stimpson, D.V., Huefner, J.C. & Hunt, H.K. (1991): “An attitude approach to the prediction of entrepreneurship”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 15 (4), 13-30.
Rose, R. C., Kumar, N. ve Yen, L. L. (2006). The dynamics of entrepreneurs’ success factors in influencing venture growth. Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, 3 (3), 1-19.
Say, J.B. (1803), Traité d'économie politique: ou, simple exposition de la manière dont se forment, se distribuent et se consomment les richesses, Translation: Treatise on political economy: On the production, distribution and consumption of wealth. New York: Kelley (1964).
Schere, J. (1982). Tolerance for ambiguity as a discriminating variable between entrepreneurs and managers. Academy of Management Best Paper Proceedings, 42, 404-408.
Schumpeter, J.A., (1934). The theory of economic development. London: Harvard University Press.
Shane, S., Locke, E. A., & Collins, C. J. (2003). Entrepreneurial Motivation. Human Resource Management Review, 13: 257-279.
Shapero, A. & Sokol, L. (1982). Social dimensions of entrepreneurship. Kent et al (eds.) The Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall.
Shaver, K.G. & L.R. Scott. (1991). Person, process, choice: The psychology of new venture creation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16(2)23-46.
Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological Empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465.
Stewart, W. H., & Roth, P. L. (2001). Risk propensity differences between entrepreneurs and managers: A metaanalytic review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86: 145-153.
Stewart, W. H., & Roth, P. L. (2004). Data quality affects meta-analytic conclusions: A response to Miner and Raju (2004) concerning entrepreneurial risk propensity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89: 14-21.
Stewart, W. H., & Roth, P. L.( 2007). A meta-analysis of achievement motivation differences between entrepreneurs and managers. Journal of Small Business Management, 45: 401-421.
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